Original title: The chaos of cultural relic appraisal
"The Imperial Palace(Small gain)The jade article that museum displays also is standard component, either those ' jade clothes sewn with gold thread ' of expert appraisal, but Mr Fu Zhongmo did not teach piece prentice come "
May 2013 the middle ten days of a month, beijing protects benefit international to auction beautiful of emperor of the trade in company, Beijing two auctions firm issues announcement early or late, want to auction Qian Shushu to believe manuscript, after objecting Qian Shuwei by widow poplar crimson, two companies announce to remove in succession pat.
In protecting benefit to withdraw 3 letters that send, two are corresponded Wei Tongxian of the president before press of ancient books of person, Shanghai points to to forge, to this the respect that protect interest expresses: "Pat related article already removed pat, do not grant to respond to. Do not grant to respond to..
brass faucetThis is in recent years chaos resembles cultural relic and artwork auction market to be added anew again exemple. "20 years of time, from 0 to now hundreds of 100 million, the market grows swift and violent certainly will to bring a lot of issues, for instance talent problem, characteristic to this industry cognitive problem, existing blemish. " president of sale of day of capital of committee member of committee of estimate of judge of art of center of development of market of culture ministry culture, north holds general manager Gan Xuejun concurrently to be opposite " 瞭 looks at Oriental weekly " say.
Released on March 16, 2012 " international is artistic 2011 the market: The observation that artwork trades 25 years " report exposure, china already surmounted the United States to make the world's greatest artwork and antique market, ended the United States tens of year the leadership position that comes in this domain. According to " annals of count of market of auction of artwork of 2011 China cultural relic " show, 2011 year, the whole nation holds auction of artwork of 779 cultural relic to meet in all, clinch a deal the forehead amounts to fifty-five billion three hundred and fifty-three million yuan.
In addition, in recent years folk collects upsurge to make soare to the demand of appraisal of cultural relic artwork, subsequently and the appraisal fraud that come and random elephant emerge in endlessly. In March 2011, " Beijing business signs up for " near factory of coloured glaze of Beijing of reporter seek by inquiry cultural relic market, the report says, from east to west of factory of Beijing coloured glaze on two streets, existence is numerous stick have " cultural relic appraisal " the business shop of model of written characters, "Want to agree to give money only, the thing that you take even if is new money, also somebody can pack it a historical setting, what you take even if is a stone, also somebody can ' deliberately misrepresent ' . In fact, the artwork calibration certificate that this kind of plain code marks a price, do not have legal effectiveness in any circumstances, but stem from all sorts of purposes, still somebody is willing to give money to make identification. This market is very hot, and water is too deep. And water is too deep..
This print journalist was combed in recent years the major fraud inside domain of appraisal of cultural relic artwork, the technical gaps and omissthe most popular norton internet antivirusions with appraisal of cultural relic of explore analyse instantly and actual bottleneck. Cultural relic appraisal goes in commercialize the double track that protects with cultural relic to go up, whether the chronic illness that casts off dissension, straighten immanent blood arteries and veins, still unidentified clear.
Fraud farce time and again refresh " bottom line "
On September 25, 2004, "Appraisal of Chinese bronze ware the first person " , Ma Chengyuan of the curator before Shanghai museum dies. His dead, be called by the bosom friend " lost a talent, a Great Master that has deep love for cultural relic so " .
One's early years, ma Chengyuan is cultural relic of global collector appraisal, do not receive a single cent or penny. The body such as composing of Ma Chengyuan lifetime, published monograph of more than 80 bronze and paper. Li Xueqin evaluates person of the same trade, distinguished historian: "16 his " complete works of Chinese bronze ware " it is China's at present best bronze ware book. "16 his " complete works of Chinese bronze ware " it is China's at present best bronze ware book..
To Ma Chengyuan die, official report says its die due to illness, but Taiwan " Chinese times " Ceng Fawen " the mystery that Ma Chengyuan of Shanghai museum curator committed suicide 2004 " , disclose Ma Chengyuan or jump the building commits suicide.
The article alludes Ma Chengyuan was accepted 2002 " Chinese times " this speaks of approving bamboo slip when the special interview, say 1994 spring, market of Hong Kong antique appears in succession a few Chu Jian, have among them really, but false not little also, a few but look genuine, majority is the mainland unworthies cultural relic expert is forged. Those a few years, hong Kong, Taiwan has been bought forge bamboo slip, japanese calligrapher also has been bought.
Rao Zongyi of home of Sinology of university of Hong Kong Chinese obtains a batch of bamboo slip at that time, through appraisal, eliminate a holiday, 10 branches are bamboo slip of true Hunan of the Warring States. Professor Zhang Guangyu that in Hong Kong character of bamboo slip of special attention the Warring States compiles is rapid impart antique market information on rich, and telex a batch of copy. After Ma Chengyuan and expert study, style of bamboo slip writing and Chinese ink color and the Jian Wen word of Hunan of the Warring States that already came up out of land are consistent, proving book of bamboo of this batch of Hunan is to be tasted really really, decision instantly rescue this batch of bamboo slip.
After buying bamboo slip, shanghai museum throws huge amount labor power and funds to arrange bamboo slip, but go out when ancient 2002 bamboo slip only after the book publishs research positive result, "The Hunan bamboo slip that buys with national funds is false " such message comes out in succession.
The difficulty of cultural relic appraisal and involute gather from afore-mentioned top class experts but the truth sees one spot in vague however incident, and in recent years the fraud of cultural relic appraisal of exposure is more time and again bottom line of puncture public opinion.
Go up century 90 time, the handicraft of the pottery figurine of copy Northen Wei Dynasty of fire of flourishing of high water of village of the stone austral ferry of Henan Luoyang the first month, at was being labelled by national orgnaizationvancouver to harrison hot springs on market of antique of Xia Zaibei Beijing 1994 " rescue sex is bought " " Northen Wei Dynasty is precious cultural relic " .
On September 5, 2011, chairman of bureau of director of group of former Hua Ersen holds a president concurrently to thank first instance of root flourish afterwards to be sentenced after life imprisonment, accept 2 careful. From this, "Jade clothes sewn with gold thread " Jing nature is secret by the public witting.
Jade clothes sewn with gold thread is the mortuary encoffin with Chinese generation highest norms is taken originally, appear in period of scene of article of the Western Han Dynasty roughly. Of mercantile Xie Genrong " jade clothes sewn with gold thread " it is he looks for one caboodle jade piece, niu Fuzhong of chairman of committee of appraisal of center of appraisal of cultural relic of the learned in asking Beijing is strung together. Assistant dean Yang Baida, Beijing University is lapidary before museum of Wang Wenxiang of the secretary-general before Niu Fuzhong invites Chinese collector association again, the Imperial Palace Shi Shuqing of committee member of the vice director before committee of appraisal of cultural relic of Yang Fuxu of the director before appraisal center, country, 5 experts are being installed " jade clothes sewn with gold thread " outside vitreous cabinet " went to look " , it is the best selling watch casesthis " cultural relic " appraisal 2.4 bispring poolllion yuan.
brass faucetXie Genrong uses specification of value of this one paper to cheat a bank to give off 700 million yuan of loan.
Another farce exposure at the beginning of 2012. Han Daiyu stool by fine international auctions limited company to send price of 220 million yuan of day at the beginning of 2011 in Beijing, become what auction the market in those days " the most expensive jade article " . Han Daiyu stool is the component of dresser of Long Fengwen of Han Daiqing topaz, ever was being said by auction firm is " let today the acclaim as the peak of perfection after the person looks, have extremely tallnorth face shirts collect and historical value " cultural relic curiosa.
But after a year, about this jade article the controversy that is national treasure or counterfeit after all erupts suddenly. On Feburary 23, 2012, if cotton expresses publicly,chairman of guild of jade of Pi city treasure barks, this so called " Han Daiyu stool " produced 2010 from Pi state city, sell as tall copy handicraft at the outset, by village of exposed to the sun a few boys work more than one year, they still themselves do guidance a few times please, offer the design proposal of modelling, grain act the role ofing and design, sold a foreigner with 2.3 million yuan price at first. Bark says like cotton, "Do not know how to return a responsibility, do the cultural relic that becomes an invaluable unexpectedly today to undertake was auctioninged " .
2012, department of canvas of 10 central beautiful courtyards grinds first times the student that repairs a class is published jointly about " Xu Beihong canvas makes a holiday " open letter, in the light of in Beijing 9 songs international auctioned limited company in June 2010 spring the name that in patting, clinchs a deal with 72.8 million yuan is " human body Ms. Jiang Bi small " " Xu Beihong canvas " , letter middle finger is drawn this is only in those days they grind the do exercises in composition that repairs a class.
Song Hui an administrative unit in Xizang " 1000 words article " be made fasten copy to make by auction picture by doubt cheat, Tang Daxi wait for incident, the sale that achieves those new tall change again and again can turn counterfeit into farce.
Appraisal difficulty upgrades ceaselessly
Accompany the appraisal scandal that emerge in endlessly, each district cultural relic builds false inside to also rise to surface. From it is mature to make a holiday had developed in China to the industrial chain of carry out holiday, the method of cheat is multifarious.
In March 2012, involve Chinese cultural relic " ground dirty old industry is investigated " announce. The cultural relic with this huge to China the most popular watch casesinvestigation built catenary of false system industry to undertake an analysis, build a holiday to have pthe best selling modern dining chairsartition according to the type to cultural relic.
Pottery and porcelain creates false heavy disaster area with Jiangxi Jingdezhen, Henan (county of town of god of county of village of the stone austral ferry of Luoyang the first month, the reputed founder of the Ix Dynasty, Bao Feng) , and other places of current state of area of Zhejiang Long Quan, Guangdong is attached most importance to; Bronze ware creates false heavy disaster area is the village making a holiday that with Henan Luoyang Yi village of gully of plain county smoke is a delegate; Jade article creates false heavy disaster area: Henan (Nanyang presses down the Shi Fosi that make the same score a county) , Anhui (mussel port) , these areas basically are Chinese generation jade article makes false land, liaoning is the whole nation of 90% be modelled on of Gong Shanyu collect the ground; Painting and calligraphy creates false heavy disaster area: Tianjin drum-tower area is the widest, the false painting and calligraphy of and other places of factory of Beijing Pan home, coloured glaze is more flow into by the place, nanjing master shrine and market of antique of cool and refreshing hill are home of local painting and calligraphy more, work is built the holiday is serious.
In the numerous area that make a holiday, "Henan is built " it is a term that lets collect bound and appraisal bound to headache, many experts once were grown in " Henan is built " on.
Walk into Beijing's greatly small antique market to go up, have on point of sales of every bronze ware produce the bronze ware from Henan. The people that the history left here casts the craft of bronze ware, on this land, the Bronze Age cast Xia Shangzhou " 9 vessels monarch " ; Enter 20 centuries last stage, as the spring tide that collects heat, of Henan area each makes false village emerge as the times require.
It is China is famous that Henan visits village of gully of smoke of Yi plain county " the village of bronze ware " , because produce tall copy bronze ware and famed China even the world. Data shows, treatment door achieves the major of this village many 300, from personnel of course of study 1880 more than person, year achieve production value more than yuan 9000, main product has horse of the Eastern Han Dynasty to step the emperor of flying swallow, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to drive 6, square crock of crane of lotus of Fang Ding of the Warring States, age and desk lamp of all sorts of modelling hanging, archaize more than kinds 1000.
In addition, the area of river the name of a river in Shaanxi and Henan provinces that is a center with Luoyang also is existing the amount is numerous " bronze village " , " the village that make a holiday " , in the village no matter men and women can make bronze ware. Everyday by tens of thousands archaize bronze ware flows to the whole nation and world from here.
Henan has a lot of bourg to regard local pillar as in order to produce counterfeit the industry at present. Ma Jukui of director of your porcelain institute accepted county of abundant of Henan province treasure 2009 " Beijing science and technology signs up for " when the reporter is interviewed, say, one has the village of many 300 other peoples only, the cultural relic of etiquette model is modelled on the factory has many 20, small mill is more numerous. They wait to sell as handicraft besides imitated, duplicate three-color glazed pottery, crockery outside, also counterfeit at the same time, do old " cultural relic " , regard as another kind of price is tallish " handicraft " sell publicly, market is first-rate.
Ma Jukui introduced local farmer to do implements old process. To china, the implemental earth that they can become firm fire, what time grows is OK amount to 3 years two; Get on hydrochloric acid and anhydrous alcohol daub to appliance again next, let china and earth be united in wedlock more cheek by jowl, in subterranean bury to the person old vicissitudes of life feels one kind. To bronze ware, craftsman can wear thick glove, exert all his strength to the brim of bronze ware attrition, use margin of punty burnish bronze ware, have has used mark for the sake of letting bronze ware, finally again the chemical reagents on daub lets his form corrupt layer.
In addition, regard the whole nation as the biggest antique market, the calligraphy and painting of Beijing Pan home builds a holiday to form systematic industry chainfree norton internet antivirus already, prosperity begins to rise after 2000. At that time emerge in large numbers large quantities of person that make a holiday and many false calligraphy and painting, the bamboo of Qi Baishi's shrimp, Zheng Banqiao, model ever " close fair " , open the calligraphy of result, Ouyang Zhongshi and Liu Bingsen, wang Yi east, Zhang Xiaogang's canvas, still have the work of Lang Shining, Zun Zongtang, Lu Xun, with Pan Jiayuan the word of many seller says: "Of which a person of academic or artistic distinction have, if cannot be found, that affirmation is to just sold. That affirmation is to just sold..
Li Yanjun of prexy of Beijing University cultural relic ever provided a group of data: 2007, countrywide artwork auctions the government-owned kiln china that pats all right to amount to 20 thousand. To 2009 Qianlong imperial jade seal patted many 100 in all 2006, and actually Qianlong imperial jade seal is tasted really those who pour out of is only 3.
Li Yanjun explains, do not have a person to find out, it is to result from the clause of Xiang Yu the Conqueror of Chinese artwork market. This clause makes by sale trade: The auction is not in charge of patting tasted true bogus and flaw all right.
The appraisal that brings besides the blowout that make a holiday is difficult, the technology that make a holiday " upgrade " , also make earnestly of cultural relic appraisal needs to search new method.
With painting and calligraphy the progress of duplicate technology is exemple, "Beijing has a lot of computer now duplicate, printed thing, had not contacted before the old expert of a lot of museum. If according to traditional appraisal method, to seal, breath, verve, check collection, etc, already invalidation. " Li Zhiyong of expert of appraisal of Hunan Province cultural relic says, wu Guanzhong's canvas or soaked noodles made from beans or sweet potatoes can be printed now come out, and have stereo effect, modern science and technology had arrived the degree that naked eye cannot differentiate, "We rely on an eye namely before, arthe best spring poolmrest is felt can know, rely on nose to hear now, rely on ear to listen. Rely on ear to listen..
In addition, difficulty of different cultural relic appraisal also differs. "Painting and calligraphy is in China the market is the biggest, the measure that make a holiday is substantial, differentiate complex. Head of so much name is so much painter, each painter creates so much stuff, different, cannot classify and standardization, cannot look even with a standard same a the painter's thing. " Gan Xuejun tells this print the reporter, china appraisal photograph compares painting and calligraphy a little a few purer, "Jade article has material to be mixed character the index of relative superiority or inferiority of craft level, in differentiate go up to facilitate rthe most popular north face shirtselatively, painting and calligraphy is more troublesome. Painting and calligraphy is more troublesome..
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