"In 20 centuries, carrier rocket is overall drawing office falls ill because of working strain the comparison that die is much, calculated roughly, take drawing office staff 5% the left and right sides. " Yu Menglun listed a data
As " divine boat 10 " take again " long march 2 F " the rocket enters the space, so far, "Divine boat " to " divine boat 10 " and " heavenly palace"Divine boat " to " divine boat 10 " and " heavenly palaceSmall gainSmall gain" all by " long march 2 F " blast off finish, latter from this can calls China manned spaceflight " special " carrier rocket.
Second half of the year, get attention fully " goddess in the moon 3 " also will take " long march " the rocket enters outer space. In fact, 2013, china is the famousest " long march " series carrier rocket is entered again blast off high frequency year.
Will tell to the Chinese, the rocket has extremely extraordinary indicative sense. This kind of honorary feeling with powerful correlation, sense of pride exceeds it to bring real significance of the Chinese far in a lot of years.
40 old before, personnel of research and development is used " long march " the carrier rocket that is China names, it is to get Mao Zedong " an eight-line poem with seven characters to a line and a strict tonal pattern and rhyme scheme·Long march " in precipitant, not the encouragement of Wei sacrifice spirit. Of course, with " long march " name, also accumulate containing difficult to this new journey prospect beforehand appraise and determination.
At this late hour, be born out of from " east wind " of missile " long march " series carrier rocket, already all previous development via nearly half century, around has 17 4 series, type.
Figure the exert one's utmost effort with Chinese factitious rocket. Pass into desert, failure, hearten passes, the setback passes, had cheered, dismay passes eventually refine of a country heavy implement, rise high into the air and go.
This also is the long march that does not have terminus.
Start the rocket person of the century
"Long march " the time that appears for the first time was April 1970, "Long march " blast off successfully " east is red " man-made world satellite, what uncovered Chinese spaceflight activity thereby is prelusive.
"norton internet antivirus' long march ' it is to be in ' east wind 4 ' improve on missile foundation make. " Yu Menglun of expert of academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, rocket path is right " 瞭 looks at Oriental weekly " say, completely him Chinese manufactures this rocket independently.
Like any countries, strategic missile of China and carrier rocket are having close source. China's earliest missile is " east wind " , missile of its land of short range land according to Russia " P2 " be modelled on, its fountainhead is the Germany when World War II " V2 " missile.
The biggest range of 600 kilometers " east wind " on November 5, 1960 test-fire succeeds. Although this is planted weapon never actual combat deploy passes, but through be modelled on, chinese researcher built missile to study a system, fostered expert of a batch of missile finally.
This is the Chinese rocket expert of generation patriarch class, great majority person is not the public witting. For instance rocket path designs precursory Fang Junkui, the department of defense that develops at leaving responsible at that time missile 1963 5 courtyards one branch department, went emissive field of wine spring satellite.
"Up-to-date, chinese spaceflight history the trace that directory finds him very hard. " Yu Menglun is being taken sigh to say, "Spaceflight of very much factitious China contributed lifetime, it is real anonymous hero. It is real anonymous hero..
"There is other foreign aid when manufacturing carrier rocket, be own development completely, should saying that generation person initiate a gender to the contribution of carrier rocket, they are Chinese carrier rocket is germinant. " Ceng Ren " long march 2 third " the Li Zhankui of total stylist is right " 瞭 looks at Oriental weekly " say.
"Arrive from 1958 1962 is to start level, this one phase basically is the data that studies Russia, be modelled on of Germany ' V2 ' rocket. Arrive from 1962 1966, rocket enterprise of home develops to be accelerated greatly, chinese spaceflight career begins to take a step ahead. " secretary of former branch of overall drawing office, rocket controls academy of technology of Chinese carrier rocket Lifarui is opposite the expert " 瞭 looks at Oriental weekly " the explanation says.
1967, china decides to develop " long march " carrier rocket, to 1968 overall design is completed first, used again later two or so years time finished all sorts of grounds ti want modern dining chairso experiment.
Duration " Culture Revolution " , it is task of carrier rocket research and development at the same time increasingly hasten is close,
Meantime, still produced incident watch case openerof serious resort to violence in the academy of technology of Chinese carrier rocket at that time. Bin of tung of rocket expert Yao dies during the resort to violence June 1968.
At that time, the 7 machine ministry of responsible rocket research and development produced large-scale resort to violence in Na Yuan area. On June 8 midday, the Yao Tongbin that having a meal in the home is built suddenly by a few belt of villain in drama gives a door, on the road by flue bash head.
Will ask German missile expert from Germany as Zhou En, yao Tongbin went back to the motherland 1957 the department of defense that enters Qian Xuesen to present as leading role 5 courtyards. When the Zhouenlaide that attending a meeting in people congress hall knows this matter, the teacup in the hand is dropped was in on the ground.
The murderer is sentenced 15 years to mix 12 years respectively lnorton internet antivirusater imprisonment. Held ceremony of grand mourn over a person's death for Yao Tongbin on March 18, 1978. This day, be the day that countrywide scientific plenary meeting holds.
"At that time rocketry courtyard transfer to a lower level the person of 1/3 goes reclamation of wasteland by an army unit. " the person such as Lifarui, Wang Xiangyi, Chen Moxing was sent to go to in March 1969 Qi Qi breaths out Heilongjiang Er area joins reclamation of wasteland by an army unit. Most person just returns Beijing after 3 years.
Be in before this 1968, employee of a batch of new distributive is admitted to hospital to be sent to go to farm of feeling of Hubei province filial piety to join reclamation of wasteland by an army unit directly before long. Among them Beijing University maths fastens the Chen Delong that mechanical major graduates, and he just just walked into academy of technology of Chinese carrier rocket April group of plant of power of overall drawing office.
This rocket motor expert is right " 瞭 looks at Oriental weekly " memory says, dynamical plant group has 67 people only at first, have a Chen Moxing that studies engine is harmonious among them, so-called " desperately 3 man " , the job rises not to drive sb. to his death. He from 1965 graduate of northwest industry college has a job, future trouble has liver ascites, position of the operation after cystic excision produces canceration, when dying of illness 1983 only 42 years old.
In the meantime, "Culture Revolution " the development that the social turmoil that create disturbs carrier rocket badly also. Develop working success to ensure a rocket, the leader that develops the work was strenthe most popular north face shirtsgthened in the center of, mix in broad spaceflight researcher eventually the effort of workers falls to be finished smoothly " long march " development works.
As " achieve a century " " long march one " undertook the satellite blasts off twice in all, lead successfully 100% . China began his aerospace period from now on.
"Tired dead " experts
Very fast, 1974, "Long march 2 " head fly emissive failure. The reason is a lead be put in internal injury and rupture, bring about rocket attitude to lose control.
Wang Jiazhang of rocket control expert to " 瞭 looks at Oriental weekly " memory says, new-style rocket fired 1975 later before, next leaders emphasize developing link to want individually repeatedly on according to " 3 severe style " strict control. Be in charge of the trouble that cause to check an amplifier electrode once, used time of 3 days of 3 night.
At this moment, the main task of carrier rocket is to blast off return type satellite, it carried the camera that right observation uses, with " east is red " the actual and scientific port with more principal than having photograph.
"Blast off when returning type satellite, begin the ability with locomotive carrier rocket how insufficient, improved the composition of emissive orbit and rocket later, locomotive ability raised the rocket 40% . " Lifarui says.
Because need to carry more multiple amount,realize more function thereby at that time, chinese satellite is bigger and bigger, taller and taller to the requirement of the rocket.
On famous 1978 whole nation scientific plenary meeting, "Long march 2 " development team is commended accordingly.
Wang Jiazhang says, the environment that the rocket experiments is typical poisonous environment, besides and boost the type of work in production related the agent, still microwave radiate waits.
Expert of rocket ground facilities barks Xiang Yi is opposite " 瞭 looks at Oriental weekly " memory says, inchoate undertake the rocket is added note store when the experiment, want an open air and the fill of experimental rocket cabin in emissive well full poisonous propulsion agent, and want somebody to be being defended everyday measure data.
There is not overmuch preventive measure at that time, at most the inter arrives to turn to breathe freely fully somewhere else. Regard promotion as the method of resistance, have the extending drug that protect liver only.
Detect in engine in, ever also needed artificial spot strip inspection.
Wang Xiangyi is spot controller, chen Delong is engine expert, li Zhankui is task controller, 3 people wear respirator spot to disassemble examination engine. "The comrade that does a test together comes back to check, liver index is very high. The young girls that those for company do check to check check official holiday is abnormal. " Wang Xiangyi says.
Wang Xiangyi continues to say, and advance the working environment related the agent not only poison, field test still has explosive risk. "Every tool is with cord fasten on the body. The dress and shoe are antistatic. The dress and shoe are antistatic..
Also ever a few are in charge of adding note the young soldier that advances an agent, have an accident because of backing a car die, bury the grave of martyr that shooting base. "The grave of martyr of emissive center of spring of that moment wine has not buried a few people. " Wang Xiangyi says.
Li Farui ever died due to illness to overall drawing office later the number has made a count, "Arrive from 1983 probably 2000, have 15 people due to illness and die. Have 15 people due to illness and die..
Began to manufacture long-range rocket 1970 " 705 encounter " , back-to-back and those who come is " long march 2 " series rocket, meet sometimes a few model undertake at the same time, without the opportunity that any breathing. "Having a few comrades is tired really bad, be tired disease even. Lu Changjian, Chen Moxing, Liu Zaoqing is tired die ill and unfortunately. Lu Changjian, Chen Moxing, Liu Zaoqing is tired die ill and unfortunately..
Lu Changjian was 1960 northwest industry university is graduate. "A lot of people know Lu Changjian in spite of illness works, launch American satellite once, I take material to make him directive, see his tumid leg becomes warped go up in bench, still hold to the job. " Wang Jiazhang memory says.
However Li Guofan of expert of rocket air motive force is right " 瞭 looks at Oriental weekly " say, the person such as Lu Changjian formed program of calculative of load of a rocket, "Up-to-date, the worker with new young generation did not jump out this frame. The worker with new young generation did not jump out this frame.. north face shirts
Yu Menglun complement says, liu Zaoqing gets the herself when lung cancer not to know, in lung cancer terminal when going to a hospital treating, she still says to want to had saved the blueprint that arranging, wait for him disease became good come back to continue to arrange again. The ability when she dies is 49 years old.
"In 20 centuries, carrier rocket is overall drawing office falls ill because of working strain the comparison that die is much, calculated roughly, take drawing office staff 5% the left and right sides. " Yu Menglun listed a data.
"Die early be in more with easy cancered engineering group, especially environmental group and engine group. " Wang Xiangyi of expert of rocket ground facilities to " 瞭 looks at Oriental weekly " complement says.
The 90 time that good luck and challenge coexist
Although go all lengths, but in 20 centuries 889 time, the development of Chinese carrier rocket experienced " those who produce missile those who be inferior to selling tea the egg " period.
Wang Jiazhang was controlled 1984 share management " long march 3 " the job of the respect, he says, "Be away on official business in Xi Chang at that time, a month is accessorial 36.8 yuan. " the salary at that time is less than 80 yuan every months.
"80 time go to the century on 90 time metaphase, be willing to come to vancouver to harrison hot springsspaceflight unit without the person. We listen to the student that is Beijing University, Tsinghua at that time, dare not close, these people will can leave for certain. " Yu Menglun says.
20 centuries 80 time, academy of technology of Chinese carrier rocket had had master's degree to grant right. Lifarui teachs department work in the academy at that time, he says, "The student that the other place comes to, come to the unit even if want Beijing registered permanent residence, stayed 9 years to go. At that time is other college enrols the student that come in to go not merely, the graduate student that oneself bring also goes. " the first batch of their graduate students have 10 people, leave 2 only finally.
In April 1990, "Long march 3 " launch the United States successfully to make " Asia " satellite, those who opened the heavenly body outside blasting off is prelusive. So far, chinese carrier rocket enters commerce to launch phase at top speed.
Li Zhankui thinks, "Commerce blasts off is tide " , a few satellites of the United States, Europe need to blast off at that time, dependability of Chinese carrier rocket is strong, charge is inferior, accordingly, attracted a lot of user.
Straight consummate century 90 time end, assemblyman of a few United States stems from the purpose of hidden, unjustifiable the technology that criticises China got the United States through launching a satellite, prohibit finally China launchs any satellites that contain American component.
Yu Menglun says, had had at that time " long march 2 third " , " long march 3 " , " long march 3 armour " , to boost the demand of the international market, on the foundation of existing rocket, designed technically " 2 bunches long " , name formally for " long march 2 E " .
From April 24, 1970 China launchs satellite of world of the first man-made, up to now " long march " experienced 176 times in all blast off, gained a success 168 times. Basically center 8 times of failure in 20 centuries 90 time.
Launching failure for the last time is on August 18, 2011, with " long march 2 " the rocket blasts off in emissive base of wine spring satellite " carry out 11 04 stars " .
In " long march " , " long march 2 " , " long march 3 " blast off in succession while, the space technology academy that is located in Shanghai was developed " storm " . It is later " long march 4 " the foundation of series rocket, "Long march 4 " series rocket basically is used at launching satellite of sun synchronism orbit.
"Storm " fly publicly for the first time July 26, 197the most popular selling norton internet antivirus5. September 1981, "Storm " success general exploration satellite sends physics of 3 a group our country new-style space to book orbit, make China became the 3rd to master " one arrow SamSung " technical country.
The rocket that disappear
And in honorable backside, "Long march " familial the member that ever also lost oneself because of all sorts of reasons.
"Long march a second " , " long march a third " just had appeared in developing a process, later, two kinds of model abandon in succession.
"Long march a man " it is to be in " long march " one, on the foundation of 2 class, the 3rd class uses more advanced solid fuel. Nevertheless, this model undertook a few times in the success inferior after orbit launchs the mission, be cancelled.
"' long march a man ' can blast off ' long march 2 ' can blast off, it is to avoid model to repeat on one hand, can shorten on the other hand battlefront, reduce needless investment. " Yu Menglun explains.
Yu Menglun tells this publication, "Long march 2 " after emissive success, "Long march 2 armour " and " long march 2 second " number ever also was in process of research and development had used, did not finalize the design finally. "' long march 2 armour ' , ' long march 2 second ' it is to developing the plan of two kinds of rockets that emissive earth synchronism produces when satellitic carrier rocket, they are with ' long march 2 ' one, 2 class are a foundation, raise a the 3rd level. ' long march 2 armour ' the 3rd class uses oxyhydrogen motor, ' long march 2 second ' the 3rd class uses groovy motor. Use certainly aspring poolfter classics argumentation ' long march 2 armour ' plan, namely the 3rd class uses oxyhydrogen motor. After model project approving, official name is ' long march 3 ' . Official name is ' long march 3 ' ..
"Long mharrison hot spring public poolarch " set comes " long march 4 " the model in series belongs to generation carrier rocket. Yu Menglun says: Develop a tentative plan according to Chinese carrier rocket, takeoff weight of carrier rocket of the 2nd acting long march achieves 1000 tons or so, arrow body diameter will achieve 5 meters, locomotive ability achieves low orbit 20 tons or so, locomotive ability will amount to flying month 10 tons or so.
As the need that spaceflight admits, the development of heavy-duty carrier rocket also is in research.
The rocket with this kind of China locomotive the greatest ability in studying, locomotive ability will amount to 130 tons or so, it is 6 times of carrier rocket more active service, arrow body diameter is diameter of active service rocket 2 times the left and right sides, carry a person in order to satisfy sequel to ascend month, deep space to explore the demand that waits for emissive task.
Accept the introduction when media is interviewed according to relevant controller, manufacturing heavy-duty rocket is the significant move that China carries out aerospace to develop the strategy, also be the foundation that China carries out large-scale deep space to explore the task, the locomotive capacity that will increase Chinese carrier rocket greatly, own enter dimensional capacity, it is the crucial pillar that retains ability of dimensional advantage core. This project is in great drive space technology level to jump litre while, the technical progress that returns radiation to drive national base industry, science and technology and civil industry, capacity upgrades.
This kind is called the heavy-duty carrier rocket that is the 3rd acting carrier rocket by a few people, predict takeoff weight is 3000 reach 4000 tons, arrow body diameter will be achieved 8 reach 10 meters, locomotive ability is low orbit 50 reach 130 tons, locomotive ability reachs flying month 30 reach 60 tons.
Yu Menglun explains, in the 2nd acting carrier rocket " long march 5 " to " long march 7 " basically be to finish space holding a person station construction and visit month are returned wait for the task. "Long march 5 " , " long march 6 " , " long march 7 " development, it is current main job, in intensifying developing, predict to will be in 2014 emissive base of satellite of Hainan article prosperous comes true " long march 6 " , " long march 7 " head fly.
In the meantime, carrier rocket of new generation whole solid body " long march 11 " in also be being developed. It but integral keep in storage, operation simple, emissive cost is low, emissive preparation time is short, this will rise to enter dimensional ability quickly greatly, satisfy the lash-up that waits to natural disaster, sudden incident to project demand.
Be used at manned spaceflight " long march 2 F " it is to be in " long march 2 E " transform on the foundation finish.
Yu Menglun says, "Project of Chinese manned spaceflight raised the requirement of 3 respects to carrier rocket: The first, locomotive ability wants big, the 2nd, dependability wants tall, the 3rd, should have escape system. Should have escape system..
"Long march 2 F " takeoff weight more than tons 480, takeoff thrust amounts to many tons 600, it is current " long march " familial in takeoff quality the rocket with the biggest, the longest length.
Thefree norton internet antivirus 3rd generation is a delegate with heavy-duty carrier rocket, predict arounharrison hot spring deald can come true 2040 head fly. Nevertheless, yu Menglun thinks, this target can be finished ahead of schedule likely.
And the 4th acting carrier rocket, anticipate spaceflight of possible implementation low cost is carried. "Long march " , will begin oneself new journey.
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